Tourism in district______
ABSTRACT:
The present study has been conducted in the year 2010 to highlight the problems and prospects of Tourism in Sardaryah (Charsadda. For the analysis, primary data was used and collected through structured questionnaire, using the sampling of 90 respondents comprised on 50 visitors, 20 community members and 20 hostel owners. Secondary data was obtained from District Censes Report and Pakistan Tourism Development Corporation. Out of total respondents 32% were local while 68 % were non-local. From enjoyment of natural beauty, there came 78% respondents, for business and study purposes (8%) and (14%) respectively. The car parking problem was faced by 16% visitors. The per month sale of the 20% and 40% hotel owner was Rs. 30,000 and Rs. 40,000 respectively. The hotel owners provided hot and cool water facility to 55% television o 10% and telephone to 20% of the total visitors. These all facilities were provided by 15% of the total hotel owners. The attractive food for most of the visitors (75%) was fish. Among the hotel ones, 45% faced gas problem and 35% faced sidewall problems. For the attraction of visitors, Proper publicity though media should be ensured. The main problems of the hotel owner mainly gas and side wall for the river Kabul should be solved.
CHAPTER:
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Leisure, Mobility and Wealth, the growth of all the three has contributed to make one of their byproduct "Tourism" an important part of world economic, social and physical development. Tourism can be seen as a force for great evil or great good. There are statistics in plenty to back either point of view. As a destroyer of fragile mountain ecosystems in the Himalayas, as a contributor to inflation, as a disrupt of local life styles, as a cause of marine pollution, tourism can be portrayed as an entirely negative force. But as a provider of employment and scarce foreign exchange for poor countries, as a source of income to maintain Parks and reserves, monuments and museums collections, and as a preserver of rapidly disappearing skills in arts and crafts, tourism can be seen as a positive force. This industry is of particular significance to Pakistan from the point of view of its contribution to national income, foreign exchange earnings and general economic development. The focus of our study is district Charsadc.la.
Tourism, one of the largest industries of the world, has attained a phenomenal rise especially during two decades (1960-1980). The industry registered about 300% increase in the international tourist traffic. There are indicators that both the tourist arrivals and their spending will further go up because of a number of factors. For example, increasing volume of trade and commerce at the international level, rising income of people in many countries of the world, availability of safe, rapid and cheap transport services. Besides this the desire to escape from the highly mechanized and dull life particularly in the developed countries and to see the outer world, the people, their customs, traditions and social set up, and lastly to enjoy and appreciate the remnants of the past and bounties of nature in their colorful, original and varied forms are some other factors.
Tourism is now the worlds largest and most wide spread industry. There were 670 million tourists in the world in 2000, of which south Asia welcomed. Some 6 million visitors. Pakistan share was approximately 400,000. However only 13" the performance of Tourism in an economy plays an important role. The foreign tourism welcomes their transports and accommodation is so better, and domestically the production of good and services is increase by the expenditure of the tourists (Tourism survey 2007).
The foreign tourist welcome the air transport and accommodation is so better and domestically the production of goods and services in increase by the expenditure of foreign tourists A lot no of people is related with the tourist industry so we can say that tourism is a source of employment. Contribution of tourism in GNP 20004 is .2 percent (Tourism survey 2000).
1.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The study is focused on the following objectives:
(a) To explore the status and structure of tourism in district Charsadda leading to the attraction.
(b) To evaluate the govt. policy about the development of tourism industry in district Charsadda.
(c) To show the role of tourism in rural development in the study area.
(d) To identify the positive and adverse impacts of tourism in district Charsadda.
(e) To identify the problems faced by tourism industry in district Charsadda.
(f)
1.3 HYPOTHESIS:
Tourism has positive impact on rural development.
1.4 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The study has been undertaken with the help of using the following methodology:
4.1.1 Plan for data collection
The study has been carried out in district Charsadda in the year 2009 to assess the structure and role of tourism in the rural development of Sardaryah Charsadda.
After the selection of the focus group a detailed plan for the collection of data was prepared. The sources of primary and secondary data were identified. Two types of questionnaires were prepared, for local residents and hoteliers.
1.4.1.1 Primary data collection
Formulation of Questionnaire Administration of questionnaire through Interview technique Field Observation
1.4.1.2 Secondary data collection
Tourism Department K.P.K
Newspapers
Reports
Books
CHAPTER - 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.4 LITERATURE REVIEW:
This chapter is devoted to literature review. Literature review plays a very important role in a research. Alter review we came to a point that what are (he shortcoming of previous studies. In this way we will try to overcome those flaws. Hence, some of the reviewed studies are presented below:
Ali (1950), Stated that tourism industry has played an increasingly prominent role in urban economies. Its expansion has been driven by an increase in demand and in the efforts of suppliers. The growth of tourist travel has been attributed to numerous factors_ These include the rise of global, decentralized corporations, as well as "the thinking of linkages among people around the world through shared publications, the internet, immigration, the prevalence of English as a second language, and a common discourse around interests that transcend local, and even national, boundaries." In response to this surge in demand, cities have bide with each other to capture part of the growing tourism' market.
Osian (1977), Reported that tourism was first thought of used as a vehicle of economic development after the Second World War. Today it is a major international activity, one of the largest and fastest growing elements in the world trade when measured in term of yen receipts from visitor spending. There are several positive aspects of the tourism development for traditional agriculture economics like Pakistan needing to generated foreign exchange to finance their economic development.
Levine (1980), Concludes that its main beneficiaries consisted of suburbanites, high-income tourists, and new urban professionals. Residents of poorer neighborhoods, on the other hand, remained largely unaffected. The findings of a study of a more recent development projects to produce "dual cities" comprised of haves and have-nots. Critical assessments, then, acknowledge that tourism does impart economic benefits, but conclude that such benefits have disparate impacts. Such criticism, however, raises the question of whether this tendency relates to the political context of particular projects or whether it constitutes an attribute inherent to tourism redevelopment.
Corner (1986), Observed that tourism is a good source of income, plummet and helps in the promotion of better understanding between people of different parts of the world. Its economic impact on the world economy is positive.
Hakam (1989), Observed that multinational tourism research involves analysis of multiple origins, multiple tourist destinations, and multiple attributes for destination selection. For example, tourist perceptions of a destination may vary across countries of origin. This can have important implications for which countries to target with tourism promotion. Correspondence analysis is a technique which can handle problems of this complexity where other multi attribute analytical methods cannot. This technique is applied to empirical tourist perception data on Singapore and other Pacific Rim countries. A discussion of how the Singapore Tourist Promotion Board can use the resulting output to improve Singapore's positioning in the tourism market is presented.
Morley (1992), Argued that most studies give little consideration to underlying microeconomic factors. Morley viewed tourism demand as complementary to the demand for food and other of entertainment and suggested that, while the product cannot be stored or transported, the industry has to cope with the problem of seasonal demand and large fixed costs. His work incorporated an indirect utility function.
Mony (1994), stated that tourism is global economic activity, which boomed with the advent of cheap mass transport, focusing on resorts served by package hours. — Competitive pricing made [hem available to millions with low and middle income. People are attracted to particular place by its scenic historic, or climate reputation and its suitability for a given activity. This part of major industry affecting environmental system worldwide. This commission on sustainable development (2001) reported that first century. From an activity enjoyed by only a small group of relatively well off people at the beginning of the 20th century. It had become mass phenomena in the more developed countries by the 1990s and has new reached wider groups of people in most nations.
Icimod (1995), reported that although tracking and mountaineering tourism have visible positive effect in terms of employment, income generation etc. tourism is — also generated negative impacts that are fairly serious in some areas. The benefits resulting from tourism have also not spread widely due to poor planning of tourism development. In order to achieve greater benefits from tourism and to minimize its negative impacts on mountain areas. It is necessary to see mountain areas in terms of different environmental resources and their economic value.
Worrell (1995), focused on the supply side of the Barbadian tourist industry, which was modeled as a function of unit labor cost (ULC), primary interest rate 0, occupancy rates (OCCUP) and the quality of the tourism product (LUX). Worrell found that an increase in occupancy levels in the Barbadian tourism industry depressed prices, while the quality variable had no significant effect. A linear demand function was also estimated and the results indicated that the GDP was the most influential variable, while relative prices had a minimal effect.
Jeweled lakes and the stupendous Karakoram glacier, the attraction for adventure sport and recreation and enthusiast are many varied. The attraction includes mountaineering, tracking sightseeing, and fishing and other thrills.
Whitehall and Greenidge (2001) assessed the stage of development of Barbadian tourism demand. They use a tourism density ratio as a proxy for maturity and estimated the following demand equation; Where A equal US arrival to Barbados, Yequal US nominal, Ps equal US consumer price Index, T/Ps equal Average Unit price of Air travel, PI equal Barbados Tourism GDP deflator, TDRI equal Barbados Tourism Density Ratio. Similar to studied for other countries.
Whitehall and Greensides (2001) found real income in the source country to be most significant in explaining tourist arrival in Barbados. The transport and relative price variables were also significant, with negative signs. The tourism density ratio was also found to be negative and significant indicating a maturing destination.
Oasim and jan (2002) Report that tourism for first time become one of large number of ordinary working people in 191h and 2011 century. It was possible because of sweeping social and technological change the industrial revolution in Britain created a ncus more prosperous class of working people who were able to afford to travel for pleasure. Then the advancement of science and technology and improved and cheap means of transport made it possible. By the middle of 20th century " Mass Tourism " that is the tourism for the large proportion of the population of developed as well as developing countries was begun.
Alleyene (2003) suggest that when analyzing tourism demand, account should be taken of the time series prosperity of the data, in particular, seasonal unit roots. He employed the HEGY methodology in modeling the demand for Jamaica's tourism product and the ratio of total arrival to population is used as measure for maturity. Overcrowding of tourism compared the results with those obtained from the traditional Box Jenkins methodology in which seasonal unit roots are implicitly assumed. Alleyne found that pre-testing the data for seasonal unit root and incorporation their effects helps to improve forecasting accuracy in single equation model.
Mock (2003) Reported that tourism is the ninth largest earner of foreign exchange in Pakistan. According to him, in cbitral and (he northern areas, which are (major destination for most •foreign tourist, it Is probably the largest earner of foreign exchange; md one of the ( he components of the economy.
Mock and Kimberley ( 2003) stated that in chitral there is a big potential of tourism and the economic benefit of tourism in claitral is al present overwhelming positive. Most of ( he tourist come to chitral to know the kalash culture but the kalash culture is changing day by day due the religious disturbance of Muslim community so it is the responsibility of the govt of Pakistan to protect ( he kalash culture.
Hussain (2004), Reported that tourism is one of the most rapidly growing industry in the world. Which account 10% of global GD15*.-It is an important means of IMC generation, job creation, poverty reduction, foreign exchange earnings and notion of grass culture understanding and cooperation.
Harril (2004) planners are increasing turning to tourism as a viable economic development strategy, as many communities experiences industrial restructuring. Consequently many resident are exposed to tourism for the first time, whereas established destinations experience increasing volumes of tourists.
Planner are now challenge with understanding how the public perceives tourism in order to gain local support for tourism projects and initiatives. By exploring the literature on resident attitudes toward tourism development, this article examines the resident attitudes toward tourism in relation socio economic factor, spatial factors. Economic dependency, resident and community typologies, measuring resident attitudes tourism development; and theoretical perspectives such as community attachment, social exchange theory, and growth machine theory.
This literature review provide planner with a basis for initiative citizen participation processes related to tourism issue and identifying groups of people concerned about, or opposed to, tourism planning and development in there communities.
Malik (2004) reported that global receipts from tourism in 2002 were as high US $474 billion. Are likely to exceed 1.5 trillion by 2010 region wise kurope accounts for 50% of Id tourism receipts followed by the Americas whose share is 26%.However the share south Asia in global tourism is only 1%. Tourism comprises several services; activities idling transportation, hospitality, catering entertainment and advertising.
Pakistan Tourism Directory (2006) reported ( has Pakistan is ideal or rest and recreation, for adventure and for culture tourism, its people are friendly and the cost of living here is comparatively low as compared to other Asian countries. So in Pakistan there is a great potential of tourism. -
Rosen (2004) can servqual-traditionally an instrument for measuring service quality-be proven as an effective tool in assessing customer perceptions of s-ervice quality in restaurant? The research presented in this article is an examination of the nature of the association between service quality as perceived by consumer and its service determinants. The Servqual instrument itself is discussed, and a the demonstration of how it can be used by restaurant in assessing quality service included. The managing implications of using servqual as an assessment tool include meeting and managing customer expectations, managing the physical design of the product, educating service customers, developing a total quality management program, achieving continuous *quality through automation, and engaging in periodic review of the procedures, personnel and property of the operation. With the assessment knowledge generation by such a review, restaurants may then begin to manage their strengths and weal cresses productively.
CHAPTER -3
A PROFILE OF TOURISM IN PAKISTAN
3.1 DEFINITION OF TOURISM:
Tourism has been defined in various ways. It is a phenomenon arising out of the journey and temporary stays of people, travelling primarily for leisure or recreational purposes. The duration of these stays may vary. For statistical purposes a four night minimum is commonly accepted for domestic tourism but stay of only 24 hours are universally recognized in the case f international tourism. Some scholars recognize a minimum trip length but the critical factors in movement away from the place of permanent residence to holiday destinations.
Bhatia (1986) defined tourism as the sum total of operators, mainly of an economic nature, which directly relate to the entry, stay and movement of foreigners inside and outside a certain country, city or region.
Hunziker and Kraft gave a more technical definition. According to them "tourism" is the totality of the relationship and phenomena arising from travel and stay of strangers, provided their stay does not employ the establishment of a permanent residence and not connected with a remunerated activity.
These definitions bring out the following three distinct and important elements of tourism. 1- Environment of travel by non-residence. 2- Stay of temporary nature in area visited. 3- Stay not connected with any activity involving earning.
3.2 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF TOURISM
Tourism was considered to be relatively a modern phenomenon but if we trace back history, it is confirmed that it is the development form of the ancient travelling regardless of the purpose of traveling. People started travelling since human first decided to change caves.
Perhaps the first recorded "tourist was an Egiptian who was away from home on a convenient pyramid in 1500BC. (Holender, 1983). The ancient Greeks were also travelers, leaving home for a number of reasons like business participation in festivals, pilgrimages etc.( Hussain 1995).
Tourism for the first time became open to large numbers of ordinary working people, in the 19th and 20th centuries. It was possible because of sweeping social and technological changes. The industrial revolution'in Britain created a new, more prosperous class of working people who were able to afford to travel for pleasure. The amount of free time available for travel increase too, as more public holiday were created followed by laws which made it possible for the first time for working people to have holidays with pay. Then the advancement of science and technology and improved and cheap means of transport made it more possible for middle class people. By the middle of 20th century "mass tourism" i,e tourism for a large proportion of the population of developed as well as developing countries was began.( Davidson, 1989).
3.3 TOURISM IN THE GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE
Today mass tourism is something, which affects most countries of the world, either because people travel to them or from them, or both. Most industrialized countries receive tourists from other countries, while some of their own people travel abroad. Global trends for travel industry during the past few decades have been spectacular. In 1990 more than $2.7 trillion was spent on travel related activities. The world tourism organization reports that worldwide tourist arrivals reached 476 million in 1992. International border crossing totaled 350 million in 1980 up from 168 million in 1970, and just 71 million in1960.jn 1990 according to a report of world travel and tourism council, the travel and tourism industry employed more than 112 million people worldwide. (World travel and tourism council).
3.4 TOURISM GROWTH IN PAKISTAN
Pakistan has a large variety of products to offer to the foreign and domestic tourists. These include historical and cultural sites such as Moinjo Darn, Harrapa, Taxila, Khyber Pass, the Gandahara sites in Swat valley, Kalash valley in Chitral, forts and deserts in Sindh and Punjab, wild life lakes, rivers, sea beaches, trekking and mountaineering in the northern areas and a lot of other areas of fascinated beauty. The country is surrounded by Himalayan ranges with Karakoram range on the north-west. The Karakoram is the greatest cluster of lofty peaks in the world including the second highest peak in the world K2.
The tourism activities show the following facts of tourism during 1996 in the country:
3.4.1 Volume of Tourism
During 1996 Pakistan received .369 million foreign tourists including a decrease of 2.38% over the previous year arrival of 378 million tourists.
3.4.2 Receipts of 2005
Foreign exchange receipt from tourism during 1996 amounted 'US$ 145.9 million, showing an increase of 27.87% compared to US$ 114.1 million in 1995.
3.5 TOURIST ATTRACTIONS IN PAKISTAN
3.5.1 Adventure Tourism
Adventure tourism includes mountaineering, trekking, skiing, backing, diving, hunting, polo, bicycle, diving etc. At AjK and in Galiat the following adventure tourism activities exist: • Mountaineering and trekking:
· Mountaineering in Pakistan is also a profession taken up by dare devil ones. The mountains are not easily to climb with the Nanga parbat regarded as one of the deadliest in the world. K2, the second highest in the world is also regarded as cool mountaineering activity throughout the world,
· Fishing: In Neelam valley the river 'Neelam has delicious trout fishes. Similarly at Patika and Katan (jagran) fisheries department has made a fishing farm.
3.5.2 Resort Tourism
A resort is a destination area that is relatively self contained and typically provides a wide range of facilities of services. Resort tourism is quite common in Galiat, Murree and AJK, and has the potential to attract tourists in a number of areas.
3.5.3 Culture and Archaeological Tourism
There are many archaeological sites in District Charsadda. These include the Balahisar for Bhudhist ruins, Shaikhan Den, Ghani Den, Shabgadar etc.
3.5.4 Religious Tourism
The main place for religious tourism in Charsadda is the Ziarat Baba Saib, Deshan Baba, Sattar Baba. Due to this Ziarat tourist's entry into the area has been increased over the years.
3.6 BRIEF HISTORY OF THE STUDY AREA
3.6.1 CHARSADDA (The Lotus City)
Charsadda is one the most important districts of NWFP. It is evident from the history, that Charsadda was the Capital of Gandhara. The old name of Charsadda was Pushka.lavati which means full of lotuses. The lotus flower dominated the minds of the people of Pushkalawati so much that they created in popular imagination a goddess of the city named in the coins as Pushkalavati devada meaning "the city of goddess of Pushkalavati"
The history of Charsadda goes back to the 6th century B.C. It remained the capital of Gandhara from 6th century B.C. to 2nd century A.D Many nations of the world like the Persians, the Greeks, the Kushans, the Bactrians, the Mauryans, the Parthians, the Huns and the Hundus ruled over this region at different times of history.
3.6.2 Alexander the Great siege of the city in the 3rd century B.C.
After the Hindu era, the area witnessed the glorious Empire of the great sultanates of Delhi and the great Mughal Empire. Then came the Sikhs in 1818 and after the fall of the Sikhs, the British annexed the area in 1849, holding it until it became part of Pakistan.
Charsadda was known as Ashnagar or Hushtnagar for a long time which means "Eight Towns" which are situated in this region. These towns are as follows.
3.7 TOURISTS ATTRACTION SITES OF CHARSADDA
The tourist's attraction sites of Charsadda are given in following:
3.7.1 Charsadda town
Charsadda comprise of the following areas Shabqadar, Tangi, Sherpa, Prang, Rajjar, Utmanzai, Turangzai, limerzai. These villages are at a short distance from one another. All of them are situated across the River Tindi.
The name of Ashnagar may be misconceived to mean "the city of Aslitakas" .The people who lived in this area at the time of Alexander the Great's invasion, ruled by a king called Astes or Ashtaka Raja.
Charsadda is about 30km from Peshawar, across the Kabul river. There are many concepts behind the name"Charsadda". According to Munshi Gopaldas, the new name Chasadda is due to The Afghan Conqueror Ilyas -khan Mohammadzai, who some thirteen generation ago made new settlements in this area.
Charsadda preserves the name of one of his four sons. It is also said that Ilyas Khan had four sons, he divHdeci the whole of Charsadda into four parts to be distributed among his four sons. As "Char" means "four" and "Rasad" means "part or share". Therefore it was called "Chat---Rasad" which later OD became Charsadda.
Whether this tradition is true or not, CharAadda is definitely a new addition which hardly preserves any memory of Pushkalavati or Ashtnagar or Hushtnagar.
In one respect the name Charsadda is very significant. Not only in name but in actual fact, Charsadda is a meeting point of four roads and as such it recalls the importance of the place where once stood the capital city of Pushkalavati. Charsadda is very important from archeological point of view. There are many old mounds which tell about the past glory of this city. According to Munshi - Gopaldas, the number of these mounds (Dheries) is sixteen. However, the following are very important and can still be seen.
3.7.2 Bala Hisar.
First to attract the attention of the visitors is the Bala-Hisar mound. Actually there are two mounds. Both of them are approachable by a pathway from the main Peshawar road, just where it makes a sharp bend or turn towards the River Jindi immediately before the bridge that works as a gateway to the modern town of Charsadda.
This mound was excavated twice. First in 1902-03 by Sir John Marshall when he discovered some materials of the late historical period. Second in 1958 by Sir Mortimer Wheeler, The latter laid a vertical trench to find out the depth of the cultural deposit. According to him the western mound is of the Iron Age and dates its beginning to about the 6th century B.C. The Eastern mound was also of great importance.
3.7.3 Shaikhan Dheri:
Shallchan Dheri is also one of the mounds of Charsadda. One can approach to it from the main road from Peshawar to Charsadda. It is in the village Rajjar at a short distance off the main road.
One part of this mound or Dheri is occupied by modern graves and another ruined by the villagers for the profit of some building materials or a lucky change of Gold Jewellery or coins. Rajjar itself, on the opposite side of the river Jindi, is a mound but it is today almost covered by the modern village.
3.7.4 Prang:
At the crossroad in the center of Charsadda, turn right towards "Prang" through the hundreds of acres of graves all decorated with black and white stones in Geometric Patterns.
There are several mounds in Prang. The debris of thousands of years of occupation- all un-excavated. In the south .pf the village, the River swat joins River Kabul. In India near Allanabad at the confluence of the Ganges and Jumna Rivers, is the sacred town of Prayag. Prang is probably a corruption of Prayag which indicates that perhaps this also was a sacred city. The people of the area too feel likewise, which may be the reason they bring their dead there for burial.
3.7.5 Shahri-Napursan:
Shahri Napursan is also one of the ancient sites of worth seeing. It is between the village Rajjar and Utmanzai, Just in front of Dand-Uloona Ntunania. On the debris of this old city nowadays, Afghan Refugees are living a life of refuge. They have made small houses of clay and Mud for themselves. Most of its part is covered with graves which stand in the way of is exploration and excavation.
3.7.6 Pabtu & Ghaz Dheri:
It is another archaeological site in Charsadda district. It is about a mile away from Shahri-Napursan following the main road that leads to Taklithhai. Both of these Dheries i.e. Palatu Dheri & Ghaz Dheri, are the ruins of the two Buddhist Stupa mounds. The glory of these old Stupas has also been described by Hiuen Tsang.
3.7.7 Shabqadar:
Shabqadar is also a small town in District Charsadda. 17 miles North West of Peshawar. Here is a fort built by the Sikhs called Sharkargarla. Preseirtly there is the office of Frontier Constabulary on the fort.
The above mentioned Dheris or mounds reveal that Charsadda has remained the most important region in the past. Many nations of the world have ruled it. They built and developed strong forts and strongholds_ Today we can see only the Dheries of these forts. These Dehries tell us that the powers of this world are futile and not abiding.
The rivers still flow, the crops still flourish, the lotuses still grow, but gone are the people who attached great expectations and attachments to this Lotus City.
3.7.8 Charsadda of 21st Century
1) Today's Charsadda:
Today District Charsadda's total population is more than 10,22,000. The main occupation of the people is farming. Its total area is about 996 square km. There are 826 Primary schools, 91 Middle schools, 63 High schools, 7 Higher Secondary schools, 2 Degree colleges, one Post Graduate college, one Commerce college and two Technical & Vocational colleges. There are also two Degree colleges in private sector. There are many computer institutes and inter-net clubs. There are two special education centers for disables.
There is about 98646 Hectors of land, out of which 43433 hectors is under cultivation. The graveyard of district Charsadda is the biggest one in the whole Asia.
The main crops are Sugarcane, beet, maize and wheat. All kinds of vegetable grow here including onion, potatoes, yam, carrot, tomato, turnip etc. The irrigation is done both with canals and rivers.
There are 49 Union Councils, 5 Hospitals, out of which one is District Headquarter Hospital Charsadda (DHQ) arid two are Tehsil Headquarter Hospitals at Tangi and Shabqadar.
There are 4 Dispensaries, 3 rural health centers, 38 Basic Health Units and two T.B and Diabetic Clinics and two Mother and Child Health Care Centres. There are many NGO's working in District Charsadda and taking active part in the social and welfare development of the people of district Charsadda.
The land and soil of district Charsadda is very fertile both with respect to crops and personalities. Charsadda gave birth to great people who earned name for themselves in the history. Haji Sahib Turangzai, Khan Abdul Ghafar Khan,
Ghani Khan, Maulana Muhammad Israil, Master Abdul Karim, Abdul Ali Khan and Hayat Sherpa() are a few names whom Charsaddians are proud of. After Pakistan came into being in 1947, Charsadda also became a part of it. Now the inhabitants of Charsadda are Pakistanis from top to toe. They are true to their county because they have given countless sacrifices for the creation of Pakistan and will also extend more and more if such an occasion rises. (Insha-Allah)
2) Boundaries:
Charsadda District is bounded by Mandan District in the East and North East. In the South-West is distrid Peshawar. In the North, North West and west is Mohmand Agency. To the South-East is Distria Nowshera.
3) Administration:
The administration of the district Charsadda is run both by the local bodies as well as by the government officials. There is a D.C.O. (District co-ordination officer), who run the district administrative machinery with the co-ordination of the district Nazim-e-Aala and his counsel. Similarly each village of the district has its own Nazim, assisted by councilors.
There is a strong police system, which works under the authority of Superintendent of police. Law and order is in the hands of Police and the police is responsible for it. There is also a District Court and Judiciary complex. All the local knots are untied here.
CHAPTER- 4
DATA ANALYSIS
This chapter is about the analysis of data. The data has been collect from 90 respondents through questionnaire, in which 50 were visitor, 20 were horel owners and 20 were local people, who were selected randomly.
4.1 Tourist Placement:
Table 4.1 shows visitors entry from different areas. Out of 50 respondents 16% were from Mardan, 40% from Peshawar, 32% from Charsadda and the remaining 12% were from other areas. This shows that tourist were mostly
Table 4.1 Visitor from different districts
| S. No | District | No. of Respondents | Percentage |
| 1 | Mardan | 7 | 14 % |
| 2 | Peshawar | 17 | 34 % |
| 3 | Charsadda | 15 | 30 % |
| 4 | Nowshera | 5 | 10 % |
| 5 | Others | 6 | 12 % |
| Total | 50 | 100 | |
Source: Field Survey
4.2 Purpose of the Visit
According to Table 4.2, out of 50 respondents 8% came for business purposes. 50% respondents came for meeting their friends Who took them to Sardaryab. 28% came for leisure. 14% respondents came for study tour, it means that most of the visitor have come for the purpose of get to gather.
Table 4.2 Purpose of the Visit
| S. No | District | No. of Respondents | Percentage |
| 1 | Business | 4 | 8 % |
| 2 | Friend | 25 | 50 % |
| 3 | Natural beauty | 14 | 28 % |
| 4 | Study Purpose | 7 | 14 % |
| Total | 50 | 100 | |
Source: Field Survey
4.3 The Problems faced by the visitors
The 4.3 shows the problems faced by the tourist, 16% respondents were pointed out facing transport problem, 16% of total respondents faced telephone problems. 6% of total respondents, faced Non existence of communication facility (Telephone), 6% of total respondents, faced the problem of high price.
Table 4.3 the Problem for Visitors
| S. No | Problem for visitors | No. of Respondents | Percentage |
| 1 | Transport | 8 | 16 % |
| 2 | Telephone | 3 | 6 % |
| 3 | High prices | 3 | 6 % |
| 4 | Car parking | 8 | 16 % |
| 5 | Electricity | 2 | 4 % |
| 6 | Clean Water | 4 | 8 % |
| 7 | Management | 7 | 14 % |
| 8 | Security | 6 | 12 % |
| 9 | There is no problem | 9 | 18 % |
| Total | 50 | 100 % | |
Source: Filed Survey
4.4 Income of hotel owners (per month)
Table 4.4 shows the monthly income of hotel owners. The monthly income 4 respondents were Rs. 30000. The monthly' income of 8 respondents was between Rs. 30000 and Rs. 40000, which was 40% of total respondents. Six respondents which was 30% respondents stated that their monthly income, was between Rs. 40000 and 50000, while the monthly income of two respondents was between Rs. 50000 and Rs. 60000 which was 10% of total respondents.
Table 4.4 Sale per month of different-Hotel Owner
| S. No | Per month income | Respondents | Percentage |
| 1 | Up to 3000 | 4 | 20 % |
| 2 | 30000 – 40000 | 8 | 40 % |
| 3 | 40000 – 50000 | 6 | 30 % |
| 4 | 50000 – 60000 | 2 | 10 % |
| Total | 20 | 100 % | |
Source: Field Survey
4.5 Facilities Provided to Visitors
Table 4.5 shows facilities, which was provided by the hotel owners to the visitor. Two hotel owners provide television facilities. Out of 20 respondents 4 respondents says that telephone facility is available, Eleven respondents were provided the hot and cool water, Provision of these three facilities by the three respondents, it mean that Mostly visitors were facilitating by the hot and cool water.
Table 4.5 Facilities Provided to Visitors
| S. No | Facilities Provided | No. of Respondents | Percentage |
| 1 | Television | 2 | 10 % |
| 2 | Telephone | 4 | 20 % |
| 3 | Hot and cool water | 11 | 55 % |
| 4 | All the three | 3 | 15 % |
| Total | 20 | 100 % | |
Source: Filed Survey
4.6 Attractiveness of Food to Visitors
Table 6.6 shows that 75% of the respondents came for eating fish. They think that fish at Sardaryab is very delicious. Out of total respondents 15% respondents came for eating chicken. 10% respondents out of total respondents came for other attractive food. This shows that fish most attractive food for the visitor. Table 4.6 Attractive Food for Visitors.
Table 6.4 Attractive Food for Visitors
| S. No | Attractive food | No. of Respondents | Percentage |
| 1 | Fish | 15 | 75 % |
| 2 | Chicken | 3 | 15 % |
| 3 | Any other | 2 | 10 % |
| Total | 20 | 100 % | |
Source: Filed Survey
4.7 Labor Employ in the Hotel
Table 4.7 indicates labor employed in the hotel, five hotel employed from 1-3 labor. 10 hotels employed 4-6 labor. 5 hotel employed 7-10 labor, this show that on the average hotel employ 7 to 8 employees per hotel.
Table 4.7 Labor Employ in the Hotel
| S. No | No of Labor | No of hotel | Percentage |
| 1 | 1 – 3 | 5 | 25 % |
| 2 | 4 – 6 | 10 | 50 % |
| 3 | 7 – 10 | 5 | 25 % |
| Total | 20 | 100 % | |
Source: Filed Survey
4.8 Problem faced by hotel owners:
Table 4.8 indicates the problem of hotel owner 45% respondents notified the problem of the gas availability, 35% respondents have the problem of side wall for restrict water flow. 20% of total respondents notified polluting. This shows that the main problem of hotel owner was unavailability of gas and side wall (Takkkar) to river Kabul.
Table 4.8 The Problem of Hotel Owner
| S. No | Problems for Hotel | Respondents | Percentage |
| 1 | Gas | 9 | 45 % |
| 2 | Side wall (Takar) | 7 | 35 % |
| 3 | Pollution | 4 | 20 % |
| Total | 20 | 100 % | |
Source: Field Survey
4.9 Attractive Employment Opportunities from Tourism
Table 4.9 shows the attractiveness employed opportunities in different area of business related to the hotel which was 50% of total respondents, four respondent were related to transport which was /0% of total respondents , four respondents was related with business which was 20% of total respondents, two respondents was related with other side which was 10% of total respondents.
Table 4.9 Employment Opportunities from Tourism
| S. No | Employee opportunity | Respondents | Percentage |
| 1 | Hotel Related | 10 | 50 % |
| 2 | Transport related | 4 | 20 % |
| 3 | Business related (Grocery store etc) | 4 | 20 % |
| 4 | Any other | 2 | 10 % |
| Total | 20 | 100 % | |
Source: Filed Survey
4.10 Perception regarding Behaviors of Visitors
Table 4.10 shows the opinion of respondents regarding behavior of visitors, five respondents answered that the visitors dress improper which disturb the local tradition. Eight respondents notified the pollution. Six respondents notified other problem. Four respondents were notified that there was no dislike behavior.
Table 4.10 Dislike Behavior of Visitor
| S. No | Problems for Hotel | Respondents | Percentage |
| 1 | Up proper dress | 5 | 25 % |
| 2 | Pollution | 8 | 40 % |
| 3 | Any other | 6 | 15 % |
| 4 | No dislike behavior | 4 | 20 % |
| Total | 20 | 100 % | |
Source: Field Survey.
Response regarding promotion of the Area
Table 4.11 shows the ideas to promote the area. 25% respondents responded that the area must be promoted through promotional technique like TV, Radio, and Newspaper, 25% Of the total respondents were favoring the establishment of Green park , there was a family day suggestion of seven respondents which was 35% of total respondents.
Table 4.11 For Promoting of the Area
| S. No | Suggestion | No. of Respondents | Percentage |
| 1 | Advertisement | 8 | 35 % |
| 2 | Green park | 5 | 25 % |
| 3 | Family day | 7 | 35 % |
| Total | 20 | 100 % | |
Source: Field Survey
Chapter -5
FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Introduction
Almost all studies aims at deriving certain findings arid make some recommendations, this study also has the same objectives. It has arrived at some important findings; it also makes certain logical suggestions.
5.2 Major Findings
From this research the following major findings have been derived.
1. Sardaryab is hot place of tourism; it must be promoted and must be tourism hub near Peshawar.
2. The attractive food of the Sardaryab is fish for 75% of the total visitors.
3. Mostly rich people used to come to Sardaryab.
4. Tourism can promoted Sardaryab by mostly hotel and transport related business.
5. There was no Govt. organization working for the promotion of tourism in the study area.
6. Most of the visitors faced pollution problem.
7. Most of the visitors (68 %) were non-local, come for enjoyment.
8. On average, 7 labors were employee by each hotel of Sardaryab.
9. Most of hotels were rented.
10. The main problems of hotel owner were gas and sidewall to river Kabul.
5.3 Recommendations
The study offers the following suggestions on the basis of the above findings for the purpose of promoting, expanding and developing tourism in rural area, so that it contributes towards the economic development of Sardaryab.
1. For the promoting of tourism in Sardaryab government must provide better infrastructure facilities.
2. For the attraction of tourist proper publicity on all sources of media should be ensured.
3. For developing rural, tourism private and public tourism agencies must promote their activities through the seminars and exhibitions in universities, colleges, institution and other public places.
4. The government should provide the basic facilities like gas, electricity, side wall and safe car parking to local people and hotel owner.
5. For promoting the tourism in Sardaryab the government must provide a green park and security facility for the visitors.
6. There must be an organization for the government side, which have a comprehensive record and solved the problems of the area.
7. There should be separate day for the families coming for visiting Sardaryab.
8. Government should provide a tanker of water for the pollution to Sardaryab.
REFERENCES
· Alleyne, 0.(2003). "Tourism in Jamaica" its various types.
· ICIMOD (1995) A discussion paper "Mountain Tourism in NWFP & Northern area of Pakistan."ICIMOD Katmandu Nepal, series No. MEI/95/8
· Mock, J & Kirnber O' Neil "Survey of eco-tourism potential in the Biodiversity' project area" (Chitral & Northern areas) IUCN, Pakistan
· Mony, D. (1994). "Nature of Ecotourism" IUCN_SPCS Peshawar.
· Nathan, 3. (1996). "Tourism has a positive Economic benefit" Pakistan Tourism Development corporation (2007).
· PTDC. (2001) Northern Dreams the mountain Treasure Pakistan Tourism Corporation for the ministry of tourism govt. of Pakistan
· PTDC.(2002). "International years of mountains Pakistan". Discussion paper, Pakistan Tourism Development Corporation for ministry, of minorities, cultural,. sports, tourism & youth Affairs, Govt of Pakistan.
· Qasim, S. and Jan, S. (2002). "20th Century Mass tourism
· Reedy, Y. (2000). "Kinds of tourism's attraction".
· Report (1987-88) " Pakistan Tourism Directory"
· World tourism (2008). Global tourism profiles retrieved from hap://www.worldtourism.corn
· World Tourism Organization Report (2002). "Contribution of Tourisms to World economy".
· Worrell, B. (1995). "Barbadian Tourist Industry".
www.cornoratre.canada.travelienicaiglossary,html
· Zaidi, H. .News report "tourism in Pakistan prospects and problems"
Appendix-A
QUESSTIONAIRE ON
Problems and Prospects of Tourism: A Case Study of Sardaryab
(Charsadda)
1. Name of respondent: ___________________________________
2. Profession: ___________________________________
3. Why outside people corn to Sardaryab?
a. For Fishes
b. For Recreation
c. For Business
d. Any other
4. Do you get any benefit from this tourists place Sardaryab?
a. Yes
b. No
If yes, please specify
a. Hotel related
b. Transport related
c. Any other
5. Do you think any problem regarding tourists in your area?
a. Yes
b. No
6. Is there any organization working in your area to solve these problems?
a. Yes
b. No If yes, specify the name of the organization
7. Do you want the area should be promoted for tourists?
a. Yes
b. No
8. Is tourism brought any change in your society?
a. Yes
b. No
9. Give you suggestion to solve the problems of tourism and to promote the tourism.
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
Appendix-B
QUESTIONNAIRE ON
Problems and Prospects of Tourism: A case study of Sardaryab
(Charsadda)
1. Name: ______________________________________________
2. Qualification: ______________________________________________
3. Profession: ______________________________________________
4. Where from you: ___________________________________________
5. What is the purpose of your visit to the Sardaryab?
| S. No | Purpose |
|
| 1 | Business |
|
| 2 | Friends |
|
| 3 | Natural beauty |
|
| 4 | Study |
|
6. What is the attitude of local people during your visit?
________________________________________________________
7. Do you want to visit next time?
a. Yes
b. No
8. What type of problem do you face during your visit?
9. ________________________________________________________
10. Does the Govt. provide you any facility for your tour?
________________________________________________________
11. Give your suggestion to solve the problems of tourism and to promote the tourism.
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
Appendix – C
QUESTIONNARIE ON
Problems and Prospects of Tourism: A Case Study of Sardaryab
(Cbarsadda)
1. Name of hotel: ________________________________________
2. Labor in the hotel: ________________________________________
3. How much you monthly Income: _____________________________
4. Facilities provided to Tourist
a. TV
b. Telephone
c. Hart and cool water
5. Is this hotel is our own?
a. Yes
b. No
6. What kind of food usually attracts the tourist?
a. Fish
b. Chicken
c. Any other
7. Tourist become satisfied from your facilities
a. Yes
b. No
8. Any record of tourist you have?
a. Yes
b. No
9. What's the main problem faced by you?
Ans. ____________________________________________________
10. Give your suggestion to solve the problems of tourism and to promote the tourism.
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
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